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一、从浏览器接收 url 到开启网络请求线程

这一部分可以展开浏览器的机制以及进程与线程之间的关系

浏览器是多进程的，有一个主控进程，以及每一个 tab 页面都会新开一个进程
tab 页面都可以看作是浏览器的内核进程 ( 包括 GUI 线程、JS 引擎线程、事件触发线程、定时器线程、网络请求线程等多个线程 )
解析 URL ( 协议&#x2F;&#x2F;主机:端口号&#x2F;目录路径?查询参数#hash)
解析协议 : 浏览器会根据解析出的协议，开辟一个网络线程，前往请求资源


二、开启网络线程到发出一个完整的 http 请求

这一部分涉及到 dns 查询，tcp&#x2F;ip 请求，五层因特网协议栈等知识
1234567891011121314# 1、解析主机 : 如果输入主机的是域名，需要进行 dns 解析成 IP# 1-1、如果浏览器有缓存，直接使用浏览器缓存，否则使用本机缓存，再没有的话就是用host# 1-2、如果本地没有，就向dns域名服务器查询，查询到对应的IP# 2、连接主机 : tcp/ip 请求(三次握手建立连接发送请求,四次挥手断 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/web/JavaScript/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E6%A1%B6/script-model-websocket/" title="websocket">websocket</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.690Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">简介
websocket是一个能主动向前端发送消息的长链接,实时更新数据长短连接指的是客户端和服务端建立和保持TCP连接的机制。

分类前端得到数据的方式一般有两类

长链接（可以复用TCP连接）(h5 websocket,socket.io…)
链接周期长，服务端主动推送消息,实时更新数据
socket.io 兼容性较好


短连接（不可以复用TCP连接）http1.0 获取一次数据，建立一条TCP链接，得到数据，断开

websocketSSE
SSE 支持短轮询、长轮询和HTTP 流，而且能在断开连接时自动确定何时重新连接。

https://juejin.cn/post/7036317857239695373
</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/web/JavaScript/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E6%A1%B6/web-library-https/" title="HTTPS 认证">HTTPS 认证</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.690Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">认证方法一SSL下载地址
本地认证步骤

进入找到ssl下载页面找到适应版本下载：Win64 OpenSSL v1.1.1i Light                                 EXE | MSI  -&gt; 下载EXE
打开安装目录下 /OpenSSL-Win64/start.bat 进入
进入文件输出目录:运行 openssl genrsa -out privkey.key 2048  生成秘钥 (#生产2048位长度的rsa密钥)
运行 openssl req -new -x509 -key  privkey.key -out cacert.pem -days 1095  生成证书或指定openssl.cnf路径: openssl req -new -x509 -config &quot;C:\Program Files\OpenSSL-Win64\bin\cnf\openssl.cnf&quot;  -key privkey.key -out cacert.pem -days 1095
连续回车 直到 Common name 输入要签名的IP 直接回车 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/web/JavaScript/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E6%A1%B6/script-model-request/" title="服务器请求">服务器请求</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.690Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">AJAX
AJAX 是特殊的http请求(对于服务器来说没有什么区别)

XMLHttpRequest
AJAX :Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(异步的 JavaScript 和 XML);    

特点:

无刷新获取数据
可通过事件更新部分页面缺点:
无浏览历史，不能回退
默认存在跨域问题
seo不友好，因为数据是后面js动态创建到页面上的，爬虫抓取不到

原生Ajax1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;&lt;html&gt;    &lt;head&gt;        &lt;meta charset=&quot;utf-8&quot; /&gt;        &lt;title&gt;ajax&lt;/title&gt;    &lt;/head&gt;    &lt; ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/tmp/%E8%8F%9C%E5%8D%95/" title="无题">无题</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.689Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697989910010110210310410510610710810911011111211311411511611711811912012112212312412512612712812913013113213313413513613713813914014114214314414514614714814915015115215315415515615715815916016116216316416516616716816917017117217317417517617717817918018118218318418518618718818919019119219319419519619719819920020120220 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/tmp/%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF/" title="无题">无题</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.689Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697989910010110210310410510610710810911011111211311411511611711811912012112212312412512612712812913013113213313413513613713813914014114214314414514614714814915015115215315415515615715815916016116216316416516616716816917017117217317417517617717817918018118218318418518618718818919019119219319419519619719819920020120220 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/web/JavaScript/utils/util-js/" title="js工具函数">js工具函数</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.689Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">Array相关sort 计算最大元素123456/* * 功能:获取数组中的最大数字 * 描述:sort 返回值(b - a)大于0 则交换元素 */const maxItemOfArray = (arr) =&gt; arr.sort((a, b) =&gt; b - a)[0];let maxItem = maxItemOfArray([3, 5, 12, 5]); //12

reduce 计算平均值1234567/* * 功能:求给定数字的平均值 * 描述:...args 收集所有参数类数组, 收集剩余参数 show(a,b,...args) *      args.reduce((a初始值, 或者计算结束后的返回值, b当前元素) =&gt; a + b, 传递给函数的初始值) */const averageOf = (...args) =&gt; args.reduce((a, b) =&gt; a + b, 0) / args.length;let average = averageOf(5, 2, 4, 7); // 4.5

every 判断所有元素相等123456/ ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/web/JavaScript/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E6%A1%B6/h5-model-localvideo/" title="h5 本地摄像头视频采集">h5 本地摄像头视频采集</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.689Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">获取本地视频流12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;	&lt;head&gt;		&lt;meta charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot; /&gt;		&lt;meta name=&quot;viewport&quot; content=&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot; /&gt;		&lt;title&gt;Document&lt;/title&gt;	&lt;/head&gt;	&lt;body&gt;		&lt;video id=&quot;video&quot; width=&quot;300px&quot; height=&quot;300px&quot;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;	&lt;/body&gt;	&lt;script&gt;		/*            获取本地视频流      ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/tmp/Untitled/" title="无题">无题</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.688Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">{  “code”: 200,  “data”: [    {      “type”: “archivesType”,      “code”: “ARCHIVES_CIVIL_AFFAIRS_BUY”,      “name”: “民政购买服务对象”,      “info”: “档案类型”    },    {      “type”: “archivesType”,      “code”: “ARCHIVES_FILED_NON_SERVICE”,      “name”: “已建档非服务对象”,      “info”: “档案类型”    },    {      “type”: “archivesType”,      “code”: “ARCHIVES_ELDERLY_CADRES_BUY”,      “name”: “老干局购买服务对象”,      “info”: “档案类型”    },    {      “type”: “archivesType”,      “code”: “ARCHIVES_PLATFORM_MEMBERS”,      “name” ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="recent-post-info no-cover"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/07/22/server/node/server-nodejs/" title="nodejs基础">nodejs基础</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-07-22T07:14:09.688Z" title="发表于 2023-07-22 15:14:09">2023-07-22</time></span></div><div class="content">概念
  终端直接输入 node 进入可以运行 node 代码的换叫 REPL 环境

nodejs
javascript 运行时
不是语言、不是框架、是一个平台、一个基于v8引擎的js运行环境(宿主环境)
哪里安装nodejs，JavaScript代码就能在哪里运行,nodejs之前一般是在浏览器中运行的
所以NodeJs跨平台
使js可以做很多浏览器网站之外的事情
如:Node的Electron开发的VsCode 、gulp、webpack


除了nodejs外js其他宿主环境:浏览器
nodejs通过V8 js引擎，node API将任务放到libuv中(事件循环、文件系统、网络IO、线程池等)
nodejs架构
js操作与Node提供的API(js编写)
解析js的V8（大部分C++）
libuv(C语言编写)


应用场景
electron桌面程序开发
前端开发库（npm、yarn…）
使用nodejs作为web开发服务器
通过nodejs完成前后的渲染同构
在后端执行js代码，渲染出最终的html代码，让浏览器直接解析，优化项目


通过node编写自动化脚本


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